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IJCLR| International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology (Volume 8 Issue 1) | |
| Removal of Heavy Metals from Water: Technological Advances and Today's Lookout Through Membrane Applications |  |
| Pages 1-21 Pallavi Mahajan-Tatpate, Supriya Dhume and Yogesh Chendake DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/2410-1869.2021.08.01.01 Published: 7 March 2021 |
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| Abstract | |
| Water contamination by heavy metal is a great environmental concern. It leads to many health issues ranging from diarrhea, vomiting to life-threatening diseases like cancer, lung/kidney damage. This also affects soil biota/plant growth. Metal-ions have a tendency of bio-accumulation, hence pose a major issue upon entry in the food-cycle. Their removal from water is necessary before use for human/agricultural applications. Different methods reported for metal-ion separation are conventional methods viz. chemical-precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, coagulation, flocculation, flotation, electrochemical possess good separation efficiency, but the generation of a secondary pollutant, recovery issues restrict their applicability. Hence, there is a need of reliable techno-economical, environment-friendly, sustainable separation, recovery method. Membrane-based methods viz. reverse-osmosis, nanofiltration, electrodialysis, ultrafiltration has ability to treat water for heavy metal recovery without chemical contamination. Recovered materials can be recycled /utilized further. Among different membrane-based processes, micellar/polymer enhanced ultrafiltration requires chemical addition and affects purity. Electrodialysis, reverse-osmosis, nanofiltration processes require large energy/operational issues. Hence, simple ultrafiltration with membrane modification is preferable as low-energy requirements. This paper discusses details of conventional/advanced methods for heavy metal separation with the fundamental process, parameters, advantages /limitations. | |
| Keywords | |
| Contamination, Effluent, Health / Environmental issues, Methods, Regeneration / Recovery, Separation. | |
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