Mahwish Ahmed Karim 

Periodontitis and dental caries are infectious diseases that are claimed to be most widespread among the human population. S. mutans has long been considered the major culprit in dental caries formation but the process of odontogenic infections requires the association of more than one species of microbes. It includes both the gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. Plants for oral health mostly had antimicrobial activity against culprit oral microbes that includes gram-positive, gram- negative bacteria and fungal species. Possible role in dentistry of any plant extract or natural product could be verified by knowing their inhibitory activity against dental plaque, GTF (Glucosyltransferase), calculi formation etc.

Oral care, Natural products, Higher plants, Plant extracts and fractions, Oral microbes, Dental caries, Antimicrobial activities, MIC, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Clinical trials.

Muhammad Akram, Syed Ahmed Shah and Mahwish Ahmed Karim

Barinjasif is well grown in Pakistan. It is included in several pharmacopoeias and is used commercially in the preparation of a variety of pharmaceutical preparations including teas, tinctures, liquid extracts and also in compound herbal preparations. Achillea millefolium L. is used as astringent, lithotripsic agent and antimicrobial and is an antiseptic to urinary infections. It is diaphoretic, antihypertensive, cholagogue, spasmolytic, antispasmodic and it is used topically for wounds and as anti edema and anti-inflammatory while orally for fever, common cold, digestive and carminative. Its use has been documented in varicose ulcer, cuts and injuries. It is also found very effective in leucorrhoea and all kinds of piles. It is a cleansing agent for which they are of high demand in the cosmetic industry to be used in skin and hair preparations. It promotes healing and cleansing.

Barinjasif, Pharmacopoeia, Pakistani plant, Cosmetic industry, Cleansing agent, Healing.